How to select a typical geared stepper motor?

(1) Reluctance Stepper Motor: Also known as an induction, hysteresis, or reluctance stepper motor. Both the stator and rotor are made of soft magnetic material. The stator has large, evenly distributed magnetic poles with multi-phase excitation windings. Small teeth and slots are evenly distributed around the stator and rotor. Torque is generated by the change in magnetic permeability after energization. Generally, it has three, four, five, or six phases; it can achieve high torque output (high power consumption, current up to 20A, high drive voltage); small step angle (minimum one-sixth of a degree); no positioning torque when power is off; low internal damping, long oscillation time during single-step operation (referring to very low pulse frequency); high starting and running frequency.

(2) Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor: The rotor is usually made of permanent magnet material. The stator, made of soft magnetic material, has multi-phase excitation windings. There are no small teeth or slots around the stator and rotor. Torque is generated by the interaction between the permanent magnet and the stator current magnetic field after energization. Generally, it is two-phase or four-phase; the output torque is small (low power consumption, current is generally less than 2A, drive voltage 12V); the step angle is large (e.g., 7.5 degrees, 15 degrees, 22.5 degrees, etc.); it has a certain holding torque when power is off; the starting and running frequency is low.

(3) Hybrid stepper motor: Also called permanent magnet reactive or permanent magnet induction stepper motor, it combines the advantages of permanent magnet and reactive types. Its stator is no different from that of a four-phase reactive stepper motor (but the two magnetic poles of the same phase are opposite each other, and the N and S polarities generated by the windings on the two magnetic poles must be the same), and the rotor structure is more complex (the rotor has cylindrical permanent magnets inside, with soft magnetic material on both ends, and small teeth and slots around the perimeter). Generally, it is two-phase or four-phase; positive and negative pulse signals must be supplied; the output torque is larger than that of the permanent magnet type (relatively low power consumption); the step angle is smaller than that of the permanent magnet type (generally 1.8 degrees); there is no positioning torque when power is off; the starting and running frequency is high; it is currently a rapidly developing type of stepper motor.

It depends on which type you have.