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CHIHAI: Your Professional Stepper Motor Manufacturer!

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Shenzhen Chihai Motor Co., Ltd., founded in 2002, is a professional manufacturer of micro dc motors and dc reduction motors. Our business started with micro motor, then developed several series of DC deceleration motor.

Professional Team

Our team members have years of experience and are experts in their respective fields. We have more than 210 skilled employees and 26 technical engineers.

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We offer competitive pricing on all of our products, and we work with our clients to create a budget that meets their needs.

GM12-15BY Stepping Brushless Dc Reduction Motor
Product Description： With side mounting bracket All-metal gears： Adoption of all-metal gear material more wear-resistant prolongs its service life Brushless 2-phase 4-wire stepper motor input D...
GM29-1024BY Brushless Stepping Gear Motor
Product Description： The secondary deceleration uses a bevel gear transmission structure to change the output direction, Increase the reduction ratio, increase the torque, reduce the output speed,...
GM29-15BY DC Brushless Stepper Secondary Variable Speed M...
Product Description： The secondary deceleration uses a bevel gear transmission structure to change the output direction, increase the reduction ratio, increase the torque, reduce the output speed,...
CHS-1528BY-ABHL Closed-Loop Stepper Brushless Gear Motor
Product Description： All Metal Gear： All metal gear material is used to make it more wear-resistant and extend its service life Brushless 2-phase 4-wire stepper motor input D Shaft： More...
Closed-Loop Stepper Brushless Gear Motor
Product Description： National Standard Grade 7 Gear Precision Japan Grade 4 Gear Precision： All Metal Gear Materials Are Used Make It More Wear-Resistant And Prolong lts Service Life Brushless...
DC Stepper Motor M3 Thread The Shaft
Product Description： M3 Thread the shaft： Threaded Outlet Shaft Available with flange nut Brushless 2-phase 4-wire stepper motor input PCB Wiring In-Line： Mass production of custom wire lengths...
SM15103 Stepper Linear Actuator (T-Screw Drive)
Product Description： Nut Support: Metal guide (ensures stable linear transmission) Tr3 Trapezoidal Screw Nut: Tr3 Matched Bronze Nut,Lead: 2.0 mm Control: Stepper motor： Converts electrical pulses...
42BYG-4238 Brushless Stepper Motor DC12V
Product Description： D Shaft： More convenient installation, not easy to slip to save installation time Brushless 2-phase 4-wire stepper motor input Pure copper wire winding： The rotor part adopts...
Stepper Linear Actuator T-Screw Drive
Product Description： Nut Support: Metal guide (ensures stable linear transmission) Tr3 Trapezoidal Screw Nut: Tr3 Matched Bronze Nut,Lead: 2.0 mm Control: Stepper motor： Converts electrical pulses...
10BY Permanent Magnet Brushless Stepper Motor
Product Description： Circular shaft： Easier to install, less slippery, saves installation time PCB Wiring In-Line： (Mass production of custom wire lengths, plug types, etc.) Brushless 2-phase...
25BY-10Ω Brushless Stepper Motor 12V
Product Description： Circular shaft： Easier to install, less slippery, saves installation time Wiring PCB With Sheath： Mass production of custom wire lengths, plug types, etc. Pure copper wire...
37BY Brushless Stepping Gear Reduction Motor
Product Description All-metal gears： Adoption of all-metal gear material more wear-resistant prolongs its service life D Shaft： More convenient installation, not easy to slip to save installation...

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What is a Stepper Motor?

A stepper motor, also known as a step motor or stepping motor, is an electrical motor that rotates in a series of small angular steps, instead of continuously. Stepper motors are a type of digital actuator. Stepper motors are an electromagnetic actuator; it converts electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy to perform mechanical work.

Products Description

High Torque at Low Speeds

Which means they can provide a lot of force without spinning too fast..

Simple and Robust Design

Which makes them reliable and easy to maintain.

Can Operate Without Feedback Sensors

Which reduces the cost and complexity of the system.

Can be Controlled by Digital Signals

Which makes them compatible with microcontrollers and other electronic devices.

Can be Customized to Suit Different Needs

Such as size, voltage, current, step angle, and holding torque.

Types of Stepper Motor

Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor

Permanent magnet motors use a permanent magnet (PM) in the rotor and operate on the attraction or repulsion between the rotor magnet and the stator electromagnets.

Pulses move the rotor clockwise or anticlockwise in discrete steps. If left powered at a final step, a strong detent remains at that shaft location. This detent has a predictable spring rate and specified torque limit; slippage occurs if the limit is exceeded. If the current is removed, a lesser detent still remains, holding the shaft position against spring or other torque influences. Stepping can then be resumed while reliably being synchronized with control electronics.

Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor

Variable reluctance (VR) motors have a soft-iron rotor and operate based on the principle that minimum reluctance occurs with minimum gap, hence the rotor points are attracted toward the stator magnet poles. Variable reluctance motors have detents when powered on, but not when powered off.

Hybrid Synchronous Stepper Motor

Hybrid synchronous stepper motor is a combination of the permanent magnet and variable reluctance types, to maximize power in a small size.

Applications of Stepper Motors

Due to their properties, stepper motors are used in many applications where a simple position control and the ability to hold a position are needed, including:

480 Medium Speed High Torque Shaft Motor

Home Appliance and Other Domestic Applications

Stepper motors are used in a wide variety of devices that take advantage of the accurate positioning made possible by their characteristic of rotating in fixed steps intermittently. Analog clocks are a familiar example, with the second hand of the clock being driven by a stepper motor that rotates in 6° increments, once every second. Other uses include operating air conditioning louvers, turning pipe valves on or off, driving electrically operated drapes, and the autofocus and zoom mechanisms in digital or phone cameras. Stepper motors are also used in home printers or the copier machines found at convenience stores.

Commercial Applications

Stepper motors are also extensively used in commercial equipment encountered outside the home. Vending machines are one such application. In cup-filling vending machines, for example, a stepper motor operates the cup transport mechanism. In bank ATM machines, stepper motors drive the tray elevator and feed the paper through the receipt printer. At railway stations, they operate the feed mechanisms in ticket vending and validation machines, and drive the rotating security cameras that periodically reposition to surveil the surrounding area. These are just a few of the many applications where stepper motors are used.

Industrial Applications

Although most of us will rarely come into contact with them in our daily lives, stepper motors also have uses in industry. Common examples include XY positioning tables or conveyor belt machines at production lines that need to advance at a constant rate. In applications such as conveyor mechanisms for transporting circuit boards, semiconductors, or other precision components, care needs to be taken to address the risk of vibration from the drive motor, as they can damage the components being transported. To prevent this, a micro-step drive can be used to minimize vibration from the stepper motor. This is one of the ways in which stepper motors help ensure the reliable conveyance of precision components.

Stepper motors are also used to drive the hands or joints of industrial robots. As greater precision and flexibility of movement can be achieved by attaching a rotary encoder to the stepper motor and performing servo control in the driver, it is anticipated that these motors will play an increasingly vital role in the field of robotics.

Stepper Motor Construction

Rotor

For a stepper motor, there are basically three types of rotors:

1)Permanent magnet rotor: The rotor is a permanent magnet that aligns with the magnetic field generated by the stator circuit. This solution guarantees a good torque and also a detent torque. This means the motor will resist, even if not very strongly, to a change of position regardless of whether a coil is energized. The drawbacks of this solution is that it has a lower speed and a lower resolution compared to the other types.

2)Variable reluctance rotor: The rotor is made of an iron core, and has a specific shape that allows it to align with the magnetic field. With this solution it is easier to reach a higher speed and resolution, but the torque it develops is often lower and it has no detent torque.

3)Hybrid rotor: This kind of rotor has a specific construction, and is a hybrid between permanent magnet and variable reluctance versions. The rotor has two caps with alternating teeth, and is magnetized axially. This configuration allows the motor to have the advantages of both the permanent magnet and variable reluctance versions, specifically high resolution, speed, and torque. This higher performance requires a more complex construction, and therefore a higher cost.

48GE Permanent Magnet DC Micro Plastic Gear Motor

Stator

The stator is the part of the motor responsible for creating the magnetic field with which the rotor is going to align. The main characteristics of the stator circuit include its number of phases and pole pairs, as well as the wire configuration. The number of phases is the number of independent coils, while the number of pole pairs indicates how main pairs of teeth are occupied by each phase.

Stepper Motor Systems

Open Loop

Stepper motors are designed as an open loop system. A pulse generator sends out pulses to the phase sequencing circuit. The phase sequencer determines which phases need to be turned off or on as described in the full step and half step information. The sequencer controls the big power FETs which then turns the motor.

With an open loop system, however, there is no position verification and no way to know if the motor made its commanded move.

Closed Loop

The most popular method of closing the loop is adding an encoder on the back shaft of a double shafted motor. The encoder is made up of a thin disc with lines on it. The disc passes between a transmitter and a receiver. Each time a line comes between the two, a pulse is output on the signal lines. These pulses are fed back to the controller which keeps count of them. Usually, at the end of the move the controller compares the number of pulses sent to the driver with the number of encoder pulses sent back. A routine is usually written that if the two numbers are different, the difference is then made up. If the numbers are the same, no error has occurred and motion continues.

This method has two drawbacks: cost (and complexity) and response. The additional cost of the encoder, along with the increase in sophistication of the controller add cost to the system. Also, since the correction (if any) is done at the end of the move, additional time could be added into the system.

Servo System

Another option is a servo system. A servo system is typically a low pole count motor that gives high speed but has no inherent positioning capability. To make it a position device, feedback is required, usually and encoder or resolver, and control loops. The servo is essentially turned on and off until the resolver count reaches a certain point. Therefore, the servo works based on error. For example, the servo is commanded to move 100 revs. The resolver count reads zero and the motor is turned on. When the resolver count reaches 100 revs, the motor is turned off. If the position deflects, the motor is turned back on to bring it back to position. How the servo responds to error depends on a gain setting. If the gain setting is high, the motor will respond very quickly to any changes in error. If the gain setting is low, the motor will not respond as quickly to changes in error. Any time gain settings are involved though, time delays are introduced into the motion control system.

Choose the right stepper motor for your application

Step and Direction

These drives accept step pulses and direction/enable signals from a stepper motor controller, such as a PLC or PC. Each step pulse causes the motor to rotate a precise angle, with the frequency of the pulses determining the speed of rotation. The direction signal determines the direction of rotation (CW or CCW), while the enable signal turns the motor on or off.

Oscillator

Stepper motor drives with a built-in digital oscillator accept an analog input or joystick for speed control. These systems are generally used in applications requiring continuous motion rather than position control, such as mixers, blenders, and dispensers.

Stand-Alone Programmable

All of these stepper motor controllers can be programmed for stand-alone operation; the motion control program is created with a simple drag-and-drop high-level software interface (included free), then downloaded and executed upon power-up. The motion control program typically waits for an input such as a switch closure or button press before executing the programmed motion.

High Performance Stepper Motors

These digital stepper motor drives offer advanced features such as self-test diagnostics, fault protection, auto-tuning, torque ripple smoothing, command signal smoothing, and anti-resonance algorithms. Some drives are stand-alone programmable, while others offer step/direction and analog inputs. High-performance drives will provide the best possible performance for your motion control system.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Stepper Motor

Q: What is a stepper motor?

A: A stepper motor is an electric motor whose main feature is that its shaft rotates by performing steps, that is, by moving by a fixed amount of degrees.

Q: What are stepper motors good for?

A: Positioning: Since steppers move in precise repeatable steps, they excel in applications requiring precise positioning such as 3D printers, CNC, Camera platforms and X,Y Plotters. Some disk drives also use stepper motors to position the read/write head.
Speed Control: Precise increments of movement also allow for excellent control of rotational speed for process automation and robotics.
Low Speed Torque: Normal DC motors don't have very much torque at low speeds. A Stepper motor has maximum torque at low speeds, so they are a good choice for applications requiring low speed with high precision.

Q: What is stepper motor used for?

A: Commercially, stepper motors are used in floppy disk drives, flatbed scanners, computer printers, plotters, slot machines, image scanners, compact disc drives, intelligent lighting, camera lenses, CNC machines, and 3D printers.

Q: What is the difference between stepper motor and normal motor?

A: Some DC motors also generate high torques at low speeds, but are more suited towards continuous uses, as their torque is constant over their speed range. The main difference is that, while stepper motors can push harder from rest, DC motors tend to have more sustained output.

Q: Is a stepper motor a AC electric motor?

A: Interestingly, the stepper motor can also be considered as belonging to the family of electric motors called alternating current, AC synchronous motors because the stepper motor drivers convert DC electric current into AC current.

Q: What is the difference between a servo motor and a stepper motor?

A: Servo motors rely on closed-loop control systems, which provide continuous feedback and real-time adjustments. Stepper motors use open-loop control systems that do not require feedback. Assess whether your application needs a closed-loop control system for optimal performance or if an open-loop system will suffice.

Q: What household items have a stepper motor?

A: Other uses include operating air conditioning louvers, turning pipe valves on or off, driving electrically operated drapes, and the autofocus and zoom mechanisms in digital or phone cameras. Stepper motors are also used in home printers or the copier machines found at convenience stores.

Q: Is a stepper motor AC or DC?

A: A stepper motor is driven by a DC voltage applied through a driver.

Q: Why stepper motor is better than DC motor?

A: With a DC motor, there are no controls. Adjusting the voltage will change the speed, and reversing the leads is what makes it change directions. Stepper motors need a microcontroller. This will help provide excellent speed control and is great for automation and robotics.

Q: What is the main advantage of a stepper motor over other kinds of motor?

A: Stepper motors have full torque at standstill, and the rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the input pulse. Stepper motors offer excellent speed control, precise positioning, and repeatability of movement.

Q: Do stepper motors have voltage?

A: Stepper motors are very easy to control. Most drivers are looking for 5 volt pulses which just so happen to be the voltage level of most integrated circuits.

Q: What is the life expectancy of a stepper motor?

A: The typical lifetime of a stepper motor is 10,000 operating hours. This approximates to 4.8 years given that the motor operates one eight-hour shift per day.

Q: Is a brushless motor a stepper motor?

A: Stepper motors can also be classified as brushless DC motors because stepper motors do not have commutation carbon brushes. A stepper motor is a specific term, while a brushless DC motor is a general term. A stepper motor may be a reluctance motor or a permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Q: Are stepper motors 12v or 24v?

A: Stepper motors require some voltage but they really depend on current, you can supply them with 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 as long as you don't exceed the current capability of the stepper. You can use most steppers that work at 12v on 24v as long as you set the current limits correctly.

We're professional stepper motor manufacturers in China for over 15 years, specialized in providing high quality customized products. We warmly welcome you to wholesale bulk stepper motor in stock here from our factory.

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