What are the advantages and disadvantages of brushless stepper motors and brushed motors?

1. The main advantages and disadvantages of brushless and brushed motors:

1. The main advantages of brushless motors are:

First, the service life of brushless motors is long: because brushless motors use controllers instead of commutators and carbon brushes, they are several times or even dozens of times that of brushed motors. The life of carbon brushes is limited. For example, the carbon brushes will be worn out after a thousand hours and can only replace the brushes or the motor.

Second, the running speed of brushless motors is high: brushless motors use magnetic field induction, there is no substantial contact, and the running speed can be faster.

Third, the running noise of brushless motors is low: it is mainly suitable for some places that need to be quiet, such as hospitals, banks, airports, schools, etc., where quietness and noise reduction are required.

Fourth, there is no spark when brushless motors are running: brushless motors can be very useful in some occasions, mainly suitable for some flammable and explosive places, to improve the safety factor.

2. The main disadvantages of brushless motors are:

First, the cost of brushless motors is high: the cost of controllers increases by at least 100 yuan for micro motors. The original commutator and carbon brush cost much lower.
Second, the use environment of brushless motors is limited: if the environment where the brushless motor is used is in a high magnetic field or has been in contact with or is very close to a high magnetic field, the brushless motor will lose its function. This is mainly because the rotor component of the brushless motor itself is made of magnets, which are magnetic only after magnetization. If it is installed in a high magnetic field or close to a high magnetic field, it will change the magnetic field of the rotor or eliminate part of the magnetism, and the brushless motor will not work properly or malfunction.
3. The main advantages of brushed motors are:
First, high control accuracy: brushed motors are usually used with reduction boxes and decoders to make the motor output power greater and the control accuracy higher. The control accuracy can reach 0.01 mm, and the moving parts can almost stop at any desired place. All precision machine tools use DC motor control accuracy.
Second, simple structure: brushed motors have a simple structure, easy production and processing, convenient maintenance, and easy control; DC motors also have fast response, large starting torque, and the ability to provide rated torque from zero speed to rated speed.
Third, smooth operation, good starting and braking effects: Brushed motors are controlled by voltage regulation, so starting and braking are smooth, and they are also smooth when running at constant speed. Brushless motors are usually digital frequency conversion control, which first converts AC into DC, and then DC into AC, and controls the speed by frequency changes. Therefore, brushless motors do not run smoothly during starting and braking, and vibrate greatly. They will only run smoothly when the speed is constant.
4. The main disadvantages of brushed motors are:
First, the friction between the brush and the commutator will cause sparks and great interference.
Second, because of the large resistance, the efficiency is low and the output power is low.
Third, maintenance is troublesome, and the brushes need to be replaced constantly.
Fourth, there is friction between the brush and the commutator, which causes reduced efficiency, increased noise, and easy heat generation. The life of a brushed motor is several times shorter than that of a brushless motor.